TRANSNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES
type: channel
description: Transnational Journal of Arts, Humanities and Sciences (TJAHS) is a quarterly publication by Word Astra Publishers. It is an open-access, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing scholarly research and critical inquiry across the arts, humanities, and sciences. The journal provides a vibrant platform for interdisciplinary and transnational debates on culture, language, literature, history, philosophy, religion, media, social thought, and scientific perspectives that illuminate human experience and contemporary global challenges.
publisher: Word Astra Publishers
language: en
publication name: TRANSNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES AND SCIENCES
issn: 3092-9415
items: Crude Oil-Producing Communities and Conflicts in Akwa Ibom State (1995-2015)
items: Community Relations Strategies and Conflict Mitigation in the Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from Champion Breweries PLC, Uyo, Nigeria
items: Perception of Political Inclusion of Women in Governance among Residents of Akwa Ibom State
items: Redefining Womanhood in Igbo Fiction: A Feminist Re-reading of Gender, Identity, and Resistance
items: Analysis of Grammatical and Discourse Intonation in Selected Radio Broadcasters in Nigeria
items: Career Choice in Secondary Schools and its Effects on Job Security in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
items: Governance, Regulatory Challenges, and Pension Fund Mismanagement in Nigeria's Contributory Pension Scheme: Implications for Retirees' Welfare
items: The Relevance of Drum Language via Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Indigenous African Society
items: Dialectics of Trauma in Girl-Child Trafficking in Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail and Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street
items: A Legal Analysis of Employee Reinstatement in Nigeria's Private Sector
items: Historical Analysis of Piracy in Oro Nation Waterways
items: Workplace Pressure in Turbulent Times: Psychological Implications for Employee Mental Health and Organisational Performance
items: Unemployment, Youth Vulnerability, and the Escalation of Armed Banditry in NigerRepublic
items: Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Nigerian Journalism: Global, African, and Local Perspectives
items: The Influence of Cultural Practices on the Spread of HIV/AIDS and the Challenges to Its Effective Control in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
items: Foreign Policy and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria from 2019 – 2024
items: Sectoral Allocation and Economic Wellbeing in Nigeria
items: The Dynamic Interaction Between Fiscal Deficit and Inflation in Nigeria
items: Social Media And Fake News In Nigeria
items: Organisational Communication Climate And Employee Relations In Tertiary Institutions In Akwa Ibom State: A Study Of Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic
items: The Nigerian Army and Challenges of Professionalism in Internal Security Operations, 1964-1999
items: The Oil Palm Economy and Economic Changes in Uruan L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (1900-1960)
items: Rice Production and Food Security in Ini L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (1950 -1999)
items: Education and the Development of the Nigerian Army, 1960- 1999
items: Women and Militarisation

Crude Oil-Producing Communities and Conflicts in Akwa Ibom State (1995-2015)
type: item
description: This paper investigates the conflicts arising in crude oil-producing communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, from 1995 to 2015, a period characterized by significant socio-economic and environmental challenges linked to oil extraction. The study examines the complex interplay between local communities, multinational oil companies, and government authorities, highlighting the adverse effects of oil exploration, including environmental degradation, economic disparities, and social unrest. Through a detailed analysis of specific case studies, the research identifies key drivers of conflict, such as inadequate compensation for environmental damages, lack of community engagement, and the rise of youth militancy as a response to perceived injustices. The findings reveal that while oil production has the potential to stimulate local development, it often results in significant disruptions of traditional livelihoods and community well-being. The paper further explores the responses from oil companies and government agencies, as well as the roles of local and international advocacy groups in addressing community grievances. The methodology adopted in this study is gotten primarily from secondary sources. Ultimately, this study aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by crude oil-producing communities in Akwa Ibom State and to propose pathways for conflict resolution and sustainable development. By emphasizing the need for inclusive stakeholder engagement, accountability, and environmental stewardship, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics at play in oil-rich regions and highlights the importance of equitable resource management for fostering peace and prosperity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Crude Oil
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil-Producing Communities
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: Akwa Ibom State
  topic: keywords
creator: Enomfon Antai
creator: Ekong Demson
creator: Ini Etuk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 118
ending page: 139

Community Relations Strategies and Conflict Mitigation in the Manufacturing Sector: Evidence from Champion Breweries PLC, Uyo, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines the role of community relations strategies in mitigating conflict between manufacturing firms and their host communities, using Champion Breweries PLC, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, as a case study. Using a mixed-method research design, data were obtained through a structured questionnaire from 400 respondents and an interview with the company’s public relations officer. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Findings of the study indicate that while Champion Breweries recognises community relations and implements strategies such as corporate social responsibility (CSR), infrastructure development, cultural engagement, and open communication channels, conflicts still occur frequently due to gaps in stakeholder inclusion, transparency, and employment opportunities for local indigenes. The study further established that community relations strategies are moderately effective in mitigating conflict, with strengths observed in timely grievance handling and community engagement, but limitations evident in inconsistent implementation and weak participatory processes. Correlation results indicated a strong positive relationship between community relations strategies and conflict mitigation (r = 0.749). It was concluded that, although the company’s community relations strategies have contributed to reducing tensions to a moderate extent, their effectiveness is constrained by inconsistencies in implementation. Major amongst the three recommendations is for Champion Breweries PLC to enhance transparency and communication, particularly in the planning and execution of CSR initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Community Relations
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict Mitigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Corporate Social Responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Host Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Organisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Unwana-Abasi Etuk
creator: Philomena Umoren
creator: Daniel Akarika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 96
ending page: 117

Perception of Political Inclusion of Women in Governance among Residents of Akwa Ibom State
type: item
description: Although women’s representation in governance is gradually increasing in Akwa Ibom State, limited empirical evidence exists on how residents perceive their inclusion. This study examined residents’ perceptions of women’s inclusion, focusing on awareness, attitudes toward participation, perceived influence, and the socio-cultural and personal factors shaping these views. Anchored on Social Role Theory and Framing Theory, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised adult residents aged 18 years and above (5.1 million), with a sample size of 400 determined using the Taro Yamane formula and selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and weighted mean scores. Findings showed a moderate level of awareness across participation (2.84), access (2.81), policy involvement (2.68), and representation (2.76). Respondents expressed positive attitudes toward women’s participation (2.83) and access to leadership positions (3.01), but lower support for policy involvement (2.03) and representation (2.27). Despite this, women’s inclusion was generally perceived as beneficial to governance (2.80–2.88). Education (40%) and patriarchal traditions (34%) emerged as key influencing factors. The study concludes that while support for women’s visible roles is increasing, skepticism persists regarding their influence in decision-making due to socio-cultural norms. It recommends intensified public enlightenment, leadership development for women, and policies promoting gender-inclusive governance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Women in Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Akwa Ibom State
  topic: keywords
creator: Nsikak Idiong
creator: Abigail Akpan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 74
ending page: 95

Redefining Womanhood in Igbo Fiction: A Feminist Re-reading of Gender, Identity, and Resistance
type: item
description: This study interrogates the evolving representation of womanhood in Igbo fiction through a feminist lens, with particular attention to how female characters negotiate identity, agency, and resistance within patriarchal structures. Drawing on selected works of Igbo and Nigerian writers, the paper examines how traditional constructions of womanhood often defined by submission, domesticity, and silence, are challenged and redefined in contemporary narratives. The study adopts a feminist theoretical framework, incorporating strands of African feminism and womanism, to analyze how literature becomes a site for contesting gender norms and reconstructing female subjectivity. Findings reveal that while earlier portrayals of women in Igbo fiction often reinforce patriarchal expectations, more recent texts present women as active agents who resist oppression, assert autonomy, and redefine societal roles. The paper argues that Igbo fiction not only reflects cultural realities but also participates in reshaping them by offering alternative visions of womanhood. The study contributes to ongoing scholarly discourse on gender, literature, and African identity by foregrounding the dynamic and transformative roles of women in Igbo literary imagination.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Womanhood
  topic: keywords
subject: Igbo fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: African literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Ifeoma Asuzu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 64
ending page: 73

Analysis of Grammatical and Discourse Intonation in Selected Radio Broadcasters in Nigeria
type: item
description: Abstract Intonation and the functions it performs/fills are well established in language use, especially in the interpretation of meaning and speaker intention. This study investigates the performance of radio broadcasters in selected radio stations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, with the aim of determining the broadcasters’ ability to deploy appropriate aspects of the English intonation system during news presentation. Five news broadcast sessions were sampled, and ten newscasts were recorded and transcribed. Analysis of the data was anchored on Firth’s prosodic theory and Halliday’s systemic grammar, while Pratt’s acoustic analysis was employed for phonetic measurement. Results of the analyses show variation in the deployment of discourse intonation markers both in stress placement and pitch as well as in marking grammatical issues like appropriate demarcation of clauses/syntactic units like WH-questions, polar questions, etc. in discourse. These variations have implications for audience comprehension and mutual intelligibility, especially for non-Nigerian listeners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: Intonation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pitch
  topic: keywords
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Broadcasters
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Juliet Udoudom
creator: Nkereke Essien
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
starting page: 30
ending page: 45

Career Choice in Secondary Schools and its Effects on Job Security in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines career choice in secondary schools and its effects on job security in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The research was guided by Donald Super's Theory of Career Development (1957) and Holland's Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (1959). Three objectives and corresponding research questions were formulated to direct the study. A total of 300 Senior Secondary Three (SS3) students were randomly selected from three secondary schools in Abak Local Government Area. Data were collected through structured questionnaires designed using a Likert scale to capture respondents' opinions clearly and objectively. Out of the 300 questionnaires administered, 287 were correctly filled and returned, representing a high response rate. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentage methods, while the chi-square (χ²) statistical tool was employed to test the three hypotheses formulated. Findings revealed a significant relationship between career choice and job security among secondary school students in Akwa Ibom State. Based on the results, the study recommended that guidance and counseling units should be strengthened in schools to help students make informed career decisions. It also emphasized the need for parents to play supportive rather than prescriptive roles and for government to create job opportunities and structured platforms that assist young people in choosing careers that promote professional stability and contribute to societal development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Career Choice
  topic: keywords
subject: Career Guidance
  topic: keywords
subject: Parental Roles
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Security
  topic: keywords
creator: Anietie Udoh
creator: Mfon Asuquo
creator: Chigozie Nwagu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-01
publication date: 2026-02-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 29

Governance, Regulatory Challenges, and Pension Fund Mismanagement in Nigeria's Contributory Pension Scheme: Implications for Retirees' Welfare
type: item
description: This study investigates the challenges undermining the effective implementation of Nigeria’s Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) and assesses their impact on the welfare of retirees. The research focuses on two key objectives: (1) to examine how poor governance and regulatory issues affect the proper functioning of the CPS and (2) to evaluate the influence of pension fund mismanagement and weak accountability practices on retirees' trust in the system. The study draws on both qualitative and quantitative data, employing surveys, focus group discussions, and documentary analysis to explore the relationship between employers' failure to remit contributions, corruption in pension administration, and the financial security of pensioners. The findings reveal that weak governance structures, insufficient regulatory frameworks, and corruption within pension management have significantly delayed pension payments, reduced retirees’ confidence in the system, and exacerbated their financial instability. The study emphasises the urgent need for robust regulatory oversight, transparency, and accountability to restore trust and enhance the financial security of retirees. Furthermore, it calls for comprehensive reforms in pension administration to ensure timely pension disbursements and the sustainable management of pension funds, ultimately improving retirees' welfare and ensuring the long-term success of the CPS in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contributory Pension Scheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Pension Fund Mismanagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Retirees' Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory Challenges
  topic: keywords
creator: Uko Asian,
creator: Stephen Nsikak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 88
ending page: 108

The Relevance of Drum Language via Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Indigenous African Society
type: item
description: Drum language in African society is a sophisticated form of indigenous communication that transcends mere musical expression, serving as a vital medium for conveying messages, preserving history, and reinforcing cultural identity. Indigenous drums have historically been used for diverse purposes, including political announcements, religious initiation ceremonies, emergency alerts, and ancestral praise. This work examines the significance of drum-language communication in indigenous Akwa Ibom society, focusing on how the tonal patterns of drum language imitate the pitch and rhythm of spoken African languages, particularly in tonal linguistic communities such as Akwa Ibom. The study evaluates specialised forms of drum communication embedded within royal courts, secret societies, spiritual rituals, and historical recitations systems that require mastery and deep cultural knowledge for accurate interpretation. With the rise of digital technology, big data, and artificial intelligence, innovative tools have emerged for preserving and analysing these indigenous communication systems through conventional coding structures in which pre-arranged signals represent specific messages. The paper argues that the effectiveness of drum language lies in the highly tonal nature of African languages; consequently, artificial intelligence–based sound analysis can decode drum signals, while big data archiving enables the storage and retrieval of extensive rhythmic patterns and cultural contexts. This technological integration not only supports the safeguarding of Africa’s intangible cultural heritage but also revitalises indigenous knowledge systems, making them more accessible for education, research, and cultural continuity. The study adopts an empirical approach through engagement with existing texts and relevant scholarly journals. It concludes that the intelligibility of drum-based messages is often enhanced by rhythmic patterns that closely mirror spoken utterances, thereby improv…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Drum Language
  topic: keywords
subject: African Communication System
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Conventional Signal
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral Tradition
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous Knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Emmanuel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 48
ending page: 58

Dialectics of Trauma in Girl-Child Trafficking in Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail and Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters’ Street
type: item
description: This work presents a comparative feminist analysis of Chris Abani’s Becoming Abigail (2006) and Chika Unigwe’s On Black Sisters' Street (2009), arguing that their distinct narrative strategies constitute complementary and necessary modes of critiquing the transnational trafficking of African girls. It posits that Abani’s fragmented, lyrical novella performs a poetics of interior collapse, immersing the reader in the disintegrating psyche of a single victim to frame exploitation as the culmination of intimate, familial betrayals. In contrast, Unigwe’s polyphonic novel constructs a sociology of collective endurance, mapping the deliberate economic and transnational architecture of the trade to portray trafficking as a systemic, capitalist machinery. Through a sustained examination of narrative form, bodily agency, and systems of power, this study demonstrates that a dialectical reading of these texts, one focused on psychological fragmentation and the other on socio-economic chorus, provides a more holistic literary understanding than either can offer alone. The comparison reveals the crisis as both a profound, soul-destroying personal trauma and a calculated function of global patriarchal capital, advocating for a critical approach that holds the interior and the systemic in constitutive tension.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: transnational trafficking
  topic: keywords
subject: sex slavery
  topic: keywords
subject: trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: familial betrayal
  topic: keywords
creator: Rebecca Usoro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 38
ending page: 47

A Legal Analysis of Employee Reinstatement in Nigeria's Private Sector
type: item
description: This article critically examined the concept and practice of reinstatement in Nigeria’s private sector, focusing on its legal foundations, judicial interpretations, comparative perspectives, and practical challenges. It analysed how Nigerian courts, particularly the National Industrial Court (NICN), have treated reinstatement as a remedy for wrongful termination in contract-based employment, governed by the principle of freedom of contract. Using a doctrinal approach, the article reviewed various statutes, case law, and scholarly opinions to assess the evolving balance between contractual freedom and employee protection. Findings showed that reinstatement, though historically rare in the private sector, is gaining judicial acceptance through cases like Mix & Bake Ltd v NUFBTE and Aloysius v Diamond Bank Plc, which emphasised fairness and international labour standards. Grounds for reinstatement include wrongful dismissal, breach of statutory rights, discrimination, and oppressive employer conduct. Yet, challenges persist, such as loss of trust, corporate restructuring, prolonged litigation, and employer non-compliance. Comparative insights from the UK, South Africa, and Ghana revealed that effective reinstatement depends on strong legal backing and institutional independence. The study concluded that Nigeria’s jurisprudence is evolving but constrained by weak legislation, urging reforms to strengthen reinstatement as a fair and enforceable remedy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reinstatement
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Sector Employment
  topic: keywords
subject: Labour Jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
subject: National Industrial Court (NICN)
  topic: keywords
creator: Okon Okon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 16
ending page: 37

Historical Analysis of Piracy in Oro Nation Waterways
type: item
description: This study examines a holistic historical analysis of piracy in Oro Nation waterways, from the pre-colonial period to the contemporary era. In studying the evolution of piracy in the Oro Nation, this research uncovers the complexity and interplay of political, economic, and social issues, which accounted for the unabated persistence of this maritime and coastal security threat. The study emphasizes how piracy has adapted in response to shifting historical contexts, including colonialism, the pursuit of independence, and current security challenges. The research adopts a qualitative historical method weaved through an examination of primary and secondary sources. This study reveals the historical patterns of piracy in Oro Nation's waterways and recommends effective measures such as policies, community engagement, international cooperation, and continuous monitoring to address it.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Piracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Oro Nation
  topic: keywords
subject: Waterways
  topic: keywords
subject: Maritime
  topic: keywords
subject: Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Edet Okon
creator: Okon Okon
creator: Tukur Abubakar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 15

Workplace Pressure in Turbulent Times: Psychological Implications for Employee Mental Health and Organisational Performance
type: item
description: The contemporary workplace is increasingly defined by relentless demands and high-pressure environments, creating conditions in which employees often feel overwhelmed and restless. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of the psychological dimensions of workplace pressure, with particular attention to its implications for employee mental health and organisational performance. Drawing on established psychological theories and empirical literature, it synthesises evidence on the major sources of workplace stress, including excessive workload, role ambiguity, toxic organisational cultures, and the erosion of work–life balance. The review highlights how these pressures contribute to chronic stress, anxiety, burnout, and reduced job satisfaction, while also examining coping mechanisms that range from adaptive strategies such as mindfulness and organisational interventions to maladaptive responses that intensify mental health challenges. In addition, it identifies deficiencies in existing organisational support systems and underscores the importance of cultivating a supportive workplace culture. By integrating theoretical insights with comparative evidence from Nigeria and Europe, the paper offers actionable recommendations to guide employers, policymakers, and mental health professionals in addressing the workplace mental health crisis, ultimately promoting both employee well-being and organisational sustainability
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Workplace Pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Organisational Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Burnout and Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Analysis (Nigeria and Europe), Workplace Culture
  topic: keywords
creator: Moses Imbur
creator: Akeem Kenku
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 27
ending page: 39

Unemployment, Youth Vulnerability, and the Escalation of Armed Banditry in NigerRepublic
type: item
description: Armed banditry has emerged as one of the most pressing security challenges in the Republic of Niger, threatening peace, stability, and socio-economic development. This article examines the nexus between unemployment, youth vulnerability, and the escalation of armed banditry, situating the analysis within frustration–aggression and resource access theories. Drawing on a historical–descriptive design and secondary data from international reports, academic studies, and policy briefs, the study finds that persistent unemployment and poverty leave young people highly susceptible to recruitment into bandit groups. Armed banditry is sustained by promises of quick financial rewards, peer influence, and cross-border criminal networks, creating a vicious cycle in which unemployment fuels insecurity and insecurity deepens economic deprivation. The study further highlights the limitations of militarised responses, which often provide only temporary relief while failing to address structural drivers. It concludes that reducing youth unemployment through job creation, vocational training, and reintegration initiatives must be recognised as a strategic security measure. By embedding socio-economic interventions into security policy, the Republic of Niger can weaken recruitment pipelines, mitigate armed banditry, and foster sustainable peace.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: unemployment,
  topic: keywords
subject: youth, armed banditry,
  topic: keywords
subject: Niger Republic,
  topic: keywords
subject: insecurities
  topic: keywords
creator: Nsikak Edet
creator: Verra John
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 55
ending page: 66

Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Nigerian Journalism: Global, African, and Local Perspectives
type: item
description: Journalism in Nigeria, as in many democracies, is confronted with ethical dilemmas that test the balance between professional ideals and systemic pressures. This research explores how Nigerian journalists navigate these dilemmas within global, African, and national contexts, drawing on a qualitative literature review and the framework of Social Responsibility Theory. Findings reveal that while universal principles of accuracy, independence, and accountability remain benchmarks, journalists operate under structural constraints such as political ownership, censorship, poor remuneration, and safety threats. Specific Nigerian challenges (such as the persistence of “brown envelope” journalism, regulatory clampdowns like the suspension of AIT, and the dilemmas of digital reporting during #EndSARS) are situated within broader global concerns over misinformation and African realities of repression and economic precarity. The study contributes by synthesising these three levels of analysis into a comparative framework and proposing context-specific reforms: strengthening journalist unions, institutionalising fact-checking, improving working conditions, and advocating legal protections. It concludes that sustainable ethical practice in Nigeria requires addressing structural vulnerabilities while adapting global best practices to local realities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Journalism ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: brown envelope syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: press freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: social responsibility theory
  topic: keywords
subject: digital media
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel Ebong
creator: Joseph Effiong
creator: Patricia Udofia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

The Influence of Cultural Practices on the Spread of HIV/AIDS and the Challenges to Its Effective Control in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Despite sustained efforts by national and international health organisations to reduce the high prevalence of HIV, Akwa Ibom State continues to record one of the highest rates in Nigeria. Cultural practices remain a highly significant yet often underestimated contributor to the persistence of the epidemic, alongside well-recognised biological and socioeconomic drivers. This study critically examines how specific societal norms, rituals, and cultural beliefs inadvertently facilitate the transmission of HIV and undermine effective prevention and control measures in Akwa Ibom State. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study draws on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with healthcare professionals, community members, and traditional leaders. It identifies practices such as polygyny, ritualised non-marital sex, multiple concurrent sexual partnerships, poverty, levirate marriage and sexual cleansing, female genital mutilation, widow inheritance, traditional scarification and tattooing, as well as the pervasive male dominance in sexual decision-making. The findings underscore the urgent need for cultural sensitisation and context-specific interventions that respectfully engage with local traditions while promoting evidence-based public health practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sexual health
  topic: keywords
subject: gender dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV/AIDS
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucky Abogoh
creator: Rosemary Thomas
creator: Ezekiel Peter
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 40
ending page: 53

Foreign Policy and Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria from 2019 – 2024
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between Nigeria's foreign policy and socio-economic development between 2019 and 2024. Guided by the objectives of establishing whether a correlation exists between foreign policy and socio-economic development, and assessing the impact of the manner in which foreign policy resources and opportunities are applied, the study adopts a qualitative and descriptive approach. Drawing on the national interest, dependency, and game theories, it interrogates how Nigeria's foreign policy has been conceptualised, implemented, and reviewed during the period under study. The analysis demonstrates that while Nigeria possesses significant opportunities for leveraging foreign policy to advance income per capita, infrastructure, employment, education, and technological growth, weak institutional frameworks, inconsistent policy application, and leadership deficits have limited these outcomes. The findings emphasise the need for a recalibrated foreign policy anchored on economic diplomacy, stronger domestic bargaining power, and a deliberate orientation towards socio-economic transformation. The study concludes that only through a pragmatic and strategically applied foreign policy can Nigeria achieve sustainable development and greater influence in the international system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Foreign Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Economic Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Nsikak Edet
creator: Anwana Etim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-01
publication date: 2025-09-01
starting page: 13
ending page: 26

Sectoral Allocation and Economic Wellbeing in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between sectoral allocation and economic wellbeing in Nigeria, with a focus on identifying the most effective sectors for improving economic outcomes. The research employs a comprehensive framework, considering various sectors, including administrative services, economic services, social and community services, and transfer payments. The study used autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation techniques due to the mixed stationary condition of the annual time series data, which was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin 2024. The findings of this study reveal that the sectoral allocation of government expenditure plays a crucial role in shaping economic wellbeing in Nigeria. Specifically, the results show that government spending on transfer payments, administrative services, and social and community services has a significant positive impact on economic wellbeing. In contrast, expenditures on economic services are found to have an insignificant negative relationship with economic wellbeing. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of transparency and accountability in government spending. Corruption and misallocation of funds are identified as major challenges that undermine the effectiveness of sectoral allocations in improving economic wellbeing. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers prioritise transparency and accountability in government spending. Establishing stronger monitoring and evaluation frameworks is suggested as a key strategy for ensuring that allocated funds reach their intended sectors and produce measurable welfare outcomes. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to optimise government expenditure and improve economic wellbeing in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sectoral allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: administration
  topic: keywords
subject: economic wellbeing
  topic: keywords
subject: Corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: expenditures
  topic: keywords
creator: Edward Wasurum
creator: Esther Oriji
creator: Nwalaezi Chibuike
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 65
ending page: 87

The Dynamic Interaction Between Fiscal Deficit and Inflation in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study analysed the dynamic relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation in Nigeria from 1981 to 2024, with the aim of examining the link between these two macroeconomic variables. Economic indicators, including GDP growth, CPI inflation, fiscal deficit as a ratio of GDP, and exchange rate, were utilised in the analysis. Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron unit root tests were conducted to determine the order of integration of the variables. The results indicated that all variables were stationary at first difference, and the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test was applied to investigate the short-run and long-run relationships between the variables of interest. The findings revealed that, in the long run, there was a positive but statistically insignificant relationship between fiscal deficit and inflation in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was recommended that policymakers adopt fiscal and monetary discipline and moderate deficit financing to avoid persistent inflationary pressures that could negatively affect the purchasing power of Nigerians.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fiscal Deficit
  topic: keywords
subject: CPI Inflation
  topic: keywords
subject: Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical Limit Hypothesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Demand-Pull Theory of Inflation
  topic: keywords
creator: Godwin Ekpo
creator: Imowo Udobia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 40
ending page: 64

Social Media And Fake News In Nigeria
type: item
description: The advent of information and communication technology has undoubtedly given rise to various innovative opportunities and platforms, such as social media, that enhance daily living. The influence of social media is prominent globally. However, social media functions as a double-edged sword, offering both reliable and fake news to its users. In contemporary society, fake news appears almost inevitable, driven by human curiosity in information consumption. It poses significant harm to users of platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and others. This situation cannot be left unchecked; appropriate measures must be instituted. This paper examines social media and fake news in Nigeria, highlighting associated challenges and potential solutions. The study is anchored on two theoretical frameworks: the Technological Determinism Theory and the Disruptive Technology Theory. The concepts of social media and fake news are reviewed. Methods for identifying fake news are explored, including machine learning, automated and human-in-the-loop approaches, task-based analysis, datasets, and source verification. The study also considers challenges in addressing fake news, such as inadequate technology, poorly coordinated efforts, and a lack of regulation. Proposed solutions include promoting critical thinking and implementing government regulation. The paper concludes that social media and fake news present both positive and negative impacts in modern society, necessitating a high level of media literacy among users. Based on this, the paper recommends, among other measures, that non-governmental organisations, civil society groups, and the Nigerian Union of Journalists should intensify social media-based sensitisation on fake news and educate users on how to independently verify the source and authenticity of news stories to cleanse platforms of misleading information.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Fake News
  topic: keywords
subject: Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Solution
  topic: keywords
creator: Nsikak Idiong
creator: Patience Essien
creator: Abasifreke Idiong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 26
ending page: 39

Organisational Communication Climate And Employee Relations In Tertiary Institutions In Akwa Ibom State: A Study Of Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic
type: item
description: This study examines the relationship between organisational communication climate and employee relations at Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess the nature of the communication climate, its impact on employee relations, and strategies for improvement. Grounded in systems theory, social exchange theory, and human relations theory, the research adopted a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from 236 staff members using structured questionnaires. Findings revealed mixed perceptions of the communication climate, with concerns over transparency and feedback mechanisms. Positive communication was linked to reduced conflicts and improved teamwork, while poor communication exacerbated misunderstandings. The study concludes that enhancing communication practices, such as institutionalising regular staff meetings, improving feedback systems, and adopting digital platforms, can strengthen employee relations. Recommendations include fostering transparent decision-making, formalising upward communication channels, and providing staff communication training.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: organisational communication
  topic: keywords
subject: employee relations
  topic: keywords
subject: tertiary institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: communication climate
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Aniekeme Ikon
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-08-31
publication date: 2025-08-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 25

The Nigerian Army and Challenges of Professionalism in Internal Security Operations, 1964-1999
type: item
description: The Nigerian Army evolved in the second half of the nineteenth century, when Great Britain sought to assert its power and influence along the littoral regions of the Nigerian coastline and to create an enabling environment for the growth and development of trade and commerce in the Nigerian interior. At independence, Nigeria inherited an army that retained the British traditions of conservatism, political aloofness, professionalism, and a high standard of regimentation. Employing chronological, descriptive, thematic, and analytical methods of historical investigation, this study examines the nexus between the Nigerian Army and professionalism in internal security operations. The involvement of the Nigerian Army in internal security operations has been marked by varying degrees of success and challenges. However, due to the vicissitudes of Nigeria’s political dynamics from the 1960s onwards, the Nigerian Army appears to have been negatively affected in its ethos, orientation, and general perception as a nationalist institution. The study reveals that professionalism in the army was compromised by several factors, including coups and military rule, issues related to equipment and maintenance, training and logistics, political interference and leadership, human rights abuses, and operational mandates. It was concluded that the Nigerian Army should continue to be engaged in internal security operations while emphasising the importance of professionalism, Rules of Engagement (ROE), Standing Operational Procedure (SOP), and Operational Control (OPCON) in such operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian Army
  topic: keywords
subject: Professionalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Internal Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Operations
  topic: keywords
creator: INI ETUK
creator: CHINEDU ONWE-OGAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 20

The Oil Palm Economy and Economic Changes in Uruan L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (1900-1960)
type: item
description: The world economy from 1900 to 1960 was based on several cash crops (cotton, cocoa, coffee, and palm oil), but majorly the oil palm economy, which was termed the ‘legitimate trade’. The colonial economy flourished from proceeds from the trade in palm oil and other oil palm produce. Oil palm production had long been a traditional practice in the Uruan area. However, the early 20th century saw a surge in oil palm production in response to increasing demand for palm oil and palm kernels in both domestic and international markets. The oil palm economy in Uruan during this period was shaped by various factors, including colonial influences, technological advancements, and global market trends, which have not been captured by literature. Based on the aforementioned, this paper employs the historical methodology of narration and analysis and gleans information from oral and written sources for its presentation, showing that in spite of noted challenges such as indigenous land tenure practices, manual labour, stiff competition from rival communities, and fluctuating global prices, oil palm production created manifold employment opportunities for local farmers and labourers and also contributed to rural development. The export of palm oil and palm kernels also improved the living standard of local communities and generated considerable revenue, which enhanced the overall economic development of Uruan within the period under review.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oil Palm Tree
  topic: keywords
subject: Oil Palm Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Changes
  topic: keywords
subject: Uruan
  topic: keywords
creator: Peace Ekong
creator: Okokon Darby
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 37

Rice Production and Food Security in Ini L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (1950 -1999)
type: item
description: This paper investigates rice production and food security in the Ini area of Akwa Ibom State between 1950 and 1999. Renowned as the “food basket” of the state, Ini is particularly recognised for its prominence in rice cultivation. Introduced as early as 1950, rice has been cultivated in the area for decades, supported by favourable agro-ecological conditions and extensive arable land. Given these advantages, one might expect that rice production in Ini would have significantly contributed to local and regional food security. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, this study utilises a historical research methodology based on both primary and secondary sources. Data were collected through interviews, archival materials, published and unpublished works, and relevant literature in economics and agriculture. The findings were analysed to reconstruct the historical trajectory of rice production and its implications for food security in Ini during the period under review. The study reveals that Ini possesses substantial potential for large-scale production of both upland and swamp rice, sufficient not only for local consumption but also for distribution to neighbouring communities. Such capacity could serve as a catalyst for regional food security and socio-economic integration. However, this potential remained largely unrealised due to a range of political, economic, social, and cultural constraints. It was concluded that with committed political will, strategic government intervention, and targeted support for rice farmers and stakeholders, Ini could fulfil the conditions necessary to be considered a food-secure region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Utilisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Rice
  topic: keywords
subject: Production
  topic: keywords
creator: Ini Etuk
creator: Udeme Ekpenyong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 51
ending page: 69

Education and the Development of the Nigerian Army, 1960- 1999
type: item
description: The hallmark of every professional military institution is training and education. From classical times to the present, every human society has designed and applied education to develop its military according to perceived threats and developmental needs. This paper examines the critical role of education in the development of the Nigerian Army. It discusses the historical context, as well as the current and future directions of military education. By evaluating the impact of educational initiatives on military professionalism, the study emphasises the urgent need to align education in the Nigerian Army with international transformations and standards in this era of digital technology and computerisation. It also advocates for substantial investment in nuclear research and technology. Such investments should not be viewed as wasteful, as spin-offs from military research and development often benefit civil society. The study highlights the necessity of a robust educational foundation to enhance the operational standards of the Nigerian Army.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Military
  topic: keywords
creator: Ini Etuk
creator: Chinedu Onwe-Ogah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 70
ending page: 90

Women and Militarisation
type: item
description: Amid numerous armed conflicts today, militarisation is a priority for many countries, heightening the urgency of examining its impact on women, particularly those in the military. This article focuses on the comparative analysis of several aspects of women’s military service in the USSR and Great Britain during World War II to show how these states mobilised women to meet military needs in wartime while still maintaining gender hierarchies. The findings call for a substantial reevaluation of gender roles in military contexts and underscore the importance of inclusive and equitable policies for servicewomen in contemporary defence strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Great Britain
  topic: keywords
subject: Militarization
  topic: keywords
subject: USSR
  topic: keywords
subject: Women
  topic: keywords
subject: War
  topic: keywords
creator: Nataliia Zalietok
creator: Steve Aarav
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-07-31
publication date: 2025-07-31
starting page: 38
ending page: 50