Propaganda and Disinformation in the Digital Age

The Nigerian Experience

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and categorise the dominant forms
of digital propaganda on Nigerian social media platforms,
investigate the techniques employed by political actors to
disseminate disinformation during major national events, and
examine the socio-political implications of these phenomena for
national unity, public trust, and democratic stability in Nigeria.
Employing a qualitative research design, the study relied on
secondary data from books, peer-reviewed journals, policy
reports, and reputable digital sources, analysed thematically to
uncover recurring patterns and impacts within Nigeria's
evolving media landscape. The findings revealed that digital
propaganda predominantly manifests through manipulated
narratives, fake news, and emotive framing, with political
actors using sophisticated strategies such as framing,
astroturfing, and viral misinformation during elections and
crises. The socio-political consequences included erosion of
public trust, heightened ethnic tensions, and threats to
democratic processes. The study concluded that Nigeria's
democracy remains fragile amid these challenges, necessitating
urgent interventions. The study therefore recommends the
expansion of nationwide digital literacy initiatives focusing on
critical thinking and fact-checking, particularly among youth
and vulnerable communities, alongside policy reforms and
enhanced platform accountability. This multi-sectoral
approach is vital to mitigate the pervasive effects of digital
disinformation and safeguard Nigeria's democratic integrity