Social Determinants of Preventive Strategies Among Adult Diabetic Patients in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in Nigeria, with rising prevalence and complications among adults. Although preventive strategies such as dietary regulation, physical activity, and adherence to medical advice are effective, their uptake is influenced by social determinants. This study assessed the role of educational attainment, cultural affiliation, and religious inclination in shaping preventive practices among adult diabetic patients in secondary health facilities in Akwa Ibom North West Senatorial District, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique to recruit participants. The data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that educational attainment significantly influenced awareness and adoption of preventive measures. Cultural affiliation affected dietary practices, perceptions of disease management, and health-seeking behaviour. Religious inclination had mixed effects: some faith traditions promoted adherence to medical care, while others discouraged hospital-based interventions. The findings highlight education, culture, and religion as critical determinants of preventive strategies among diabetic patients. Interventions that combine health education, culturally sensitive messaging, and collaboration with faith-based organisations are essential for improving diabetes prevention and management in Akwa Ibom State.