The Oil Palm Economy and Economic Changes in Uruan L.G.A. of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria (1900-1960)

Abstract

The world economy from 1900 to 1960 was based on several cash crops (cotton, cocoa, coffee, and palm oil), but majorly the oil palm economy, which was termed the ‘legitimate trade’. The colonial economy flourished from proceeds from the trade in palm oil and other oil palm produce. Oil palm production had long been a traditional practice in the Uruan area. However, the early 20th century saw a surge in oil palm production in response to increasing demand for palm oil and palm kernels in both domestic and international markets. The oil palm economy in Uruan during this period was shaped by various factors, including colonial influences, technological advancements, and global market trends, which have not been captured by literature. Based on the aforementioned, this paper employs the historical methodology of narration and analysis and gleans information from oral and written sources for its presentation, showing that in spite of noted challenges such as indigenous land tenure practices, manual labour, stiff competition from rival communities, and fluctuating global prices, oil palm production created manifold employment opportunities for local farmers and labourers and also contributed to rural development. The export of palm oil and palm kernels also improved the living standard of local communities and generated considerable revenue, which enhanced the overall economic development of Uruan within the period under review.