Social Media And Fake News In Nigeria

Challenges And Solutions

Abstract

The advent of information and communication technology has undoubtedly given rise to various innovative opportunities and platforms, such as social media, that enhance daily living. The influence of social media is prominent globally. However, social media functions as a double-edged sword, offering both reliable and fake news to its users. In contemporary society, fake news appears almost inevitable, driven by human curiosity in information consumption. It poses significant harm to users of platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, and others. This situation cannot be left unchecked; appropriate measures must be instituted. This paper examines social media and fake news in Nigeria, highlighting associated challenges and potential solutions. The study is anchored on two theoretical frameworks: the Technological Determinism Theory and the Disruptive Technology Theory. The concepts of social media and fake news are reviewed. Methods for identifying fake news are explored, including machine learning, automated and human-in-the-loop approaches, task-based analysis, datasets, and source verification. The study also considers challenges in addressing fake news, such as inadequate technology, poorly coordinated efforts, and a lack of regulation. Proposed solutions include promoting critical thinking and implementing government regulation. The paper concludes that social media and fake news present both positive and negative impacts in modern society, necessitating a high level of media literacy among users. Based on this, the paper recommends, among other measures, that non-governmental organisations, civil society groups, and the Nigerian Union of Journalists should intensify social media-based sensitisation on fake news and educate users on how to independently verify the source and authenticity of news stories to cleanse platforms of misleading information.