Dynamics of Indigene/ Settler Conflicts in the Northern Senatorial Zone of Plateau State, Nigeria (1994-2012)

Abstract

The Northern Senatorial Zone of Plateau State is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-cultural, and highly complex society. With groups both indigenous and settlers, the zone from 1994 to 2010 struggled to grapple with the intricacies of the indigenous/settler and ethno-religious dichotomy. The perennial violent conflict in the zone was always between the Hausa/Fulani settlers and indigenous ethnic groups. The Hausa/Fulani claim they deserve the indigeneship of the zone, having been active participants in the political, economic, and resource development of the area, thereby contributing immensely to the development of Jos as a modern city. The indigenous groups, on the other hand, regarded the Hausa/Fulani as settlers who migrated to the place for greener pastures when tin ore was a foreign exchange earner for Nigeria. This paper examines the dynamics of indigene/settler conflicts in Plateau North, its dimension, and the zero-sum nature in which one group wanted to gain and the other lose. The paper argues that what made the conflicts in the zone more complex was the multiplicity of factors such as ethnicity, religion, competition for scarce resources, and an attempt to gain and control political and economic space. It concludes that these negative dynamics hindered and frustrated the dividend of democracy in the zone, as lives and property were lost and scores rendered homeless in the conflicts.