Perception of Political Inclusion of Women in Governance among Residents of Akwa Ibom State

Abstract

Although women’s representation in governance is gradually increasing in Akwa Ibom State, limited empirical evidence exists on how residents perceive their inclusion. This study examined residents’ perceptions of women’s inclusion, focusing on awareness, attitudes toward participation, perceived influence, and the socio-cultural and personal factors shaping these views. Anchored on Social Role Theory and Framing Theory, the study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population comprised adult residents aged 18 years and above (5.1 million), with a sample size of 400 determined using the Taro Yamane formula and selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and weighted mean scores. Findings showed a moderate level of awareness across participation (2.84), access (2.81), policy involvement (2.68), and representation (2.76). Respondents expressed positive attitudes toward women’s participation (2.83) and access to leadership positions (3.01), but lower support for policy involvement (2.03) and representation (2.27). Despite this, women’s inclusion was generally perceived as beneficial to governance (2.80–2.88). Education (40%) and patriarchal traditions (34%) emerged as key influencing factors. The study concludes that while support for women’s visible roles is increasing, skepticism persists regarding their influence in decision-making due to socio-cultural norms. It recommends intensified public enlightenment, leadership development for women, and policies promoting gender-inclusive governance.